Furthermore, there is no significant difference in the increase of body weight among the medium- and high-dose CCSP-2 groups and the normal group ( 0.05). Table 2 Effects of CCSP-2 on increase of body weight, spleen index and thymus index in the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. = 10). system. These results indicate that CCSP-2 might be exploited as a encouraging natural immunomodulator. (possesses H3B-6545 Hydrochloride an extensive range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant [2], immunomodulatory [3], antitumor [4], renal protective [5], neuroprotective [6], antibacterial [7], hepatoprotective [8] and anti-diabetic [9] activities. Polysaccharides are the best-known bioactive components derived from polysaccharides (namely CPA-1 and CPB-2) can protect PC12 cells against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity. Zhang et al. [7] found that a polysaccharide exerted its antibacterial activity through damaging cell walls and membranes, increasing the permeability of cell membranes. Xu et al. [11] compared the pharmacological activity of two polysaccharides from (JCH-1 and JCH-2), and found that the immunomodulatory activity of JCH-1 H3B-6545 Hydrochloride with low molecular excess weight was more potent H3B-6545 Hydrochloride than that of JCH-2 with high molecular excess weight. In a follow-up study, it was exhibited that JCH-1 could active RAW264.7 cells via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) H3B-6545 Hydrochloride mediated mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) signaling pathway [12]. A recent paper exhibited that polysaccharides from your mycelium and coremium of exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes rats [13]. Yang et al. [14] found that a nondigestible polysaccharide from your fruiting body of artificially cultivated amazingly inhibited nitric oxide, interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) H3B-6545 Hydrochloride induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Zhu et al. [2] found that CP70, a polysaccharide from prepared by the final ethanol concentration of 40%, could lengthen the lifespan of Drosophila by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme gene expression, thus it demonstrates strong antioxidant and anti-aging activities. Previously published studies have tended to focus on polysaccharides from your coremium and mycelium rather than spores of spore powders exerted antiproliferative activities on A549 lung malignancy cells by the epithelial mesenchymal transition, Wnt/-catenin transmission pathway and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Recently, numerous bioactive substances from your spores of were recognized and characterized, such as cordycepic acid, nucleosides, cordycepin, beauvericin, sterols and cyclodesipeptide [15,16]. However, up to now, there have been few reports on polysaccharides from spores of (CCSP), involving the difficulties associated with the collection. Recently, researchers have shown an increased desire for polysaccharides from spores of (GLSP) for their versatile pharmacological activities, such as immunostimulatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities [17,18,19,20]. GLSP injection (GuoYaoZhunZi H20003510 and H20003123) has been approved by State Drugs Rabbit Polyclonal to JAK2 Administration of China for the treatment of neurosis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis and progressive muscular dystrophy, as well as various diseases caused by a weakened immune system. Furthermore, Lentinan, a -(13)-d-glucan derived from was growth in liquid medium (1% complex amino acids, 1% soy protein hydrolysate, 1% yeast extract, 3% sucrose and 1% glucose) at 25 C for 7C10 d, then the seed culture was transferred into solid medium (80% wheat bran, 15% buckwheat flour, 2% corn flour, 2% silkworm chrysalis powder and 1% yeast extract). After incubation at 18 C for 10 d, the solid medium was transferred to a light incubator at 21 C for 21C28 d, and the spores were collected. 500 g spores of were firstly degreased with petroleum ether and pretreated with 95% ethanol twice. Then the precipitates were collected by centrifugation (3500 r/min for 10 min) and dried to constant excess weight. Enzyme-assisted extraction of CCSP was carried out as follows: ratio of water to raw material 35 mL/g, cellulase amount 0.64%, citrate buffer answer pH 6.0, hydrolysis time 80 min and hydrolysis heat 50 C. After extraction, the enzyme was inactivated at 100 C for 10 min. The extracting answer was filtered, concentrated, precipitated with 70% ethanol at 4 C for 12 h, and centrifuged at 3000 r/min for 10 min. Then the precipitate was collected and deproteinized with Sevag reagent. The deproteinized answer was dialyzed (molecular excess weight cut-off: 4000 Da) for 48 h, concentrated and freeze-dried to obtain crude.